Prime polygon reflectors and methods of use

ABSTRACT

Presently disclosed are additional forms of prime polygon reflectors. In its various forms it is a device of predetermined geometric shape with aspects and scalable dimensions derived from a prime number and its mathematical square root. Geometric shapes based on the prime polygon have reflective surfaces that cause multiple internal reflections of incident electromagnetic energy. Arrayed prime polygon reflectors reduce passage of electromagnetic energy within bands that vary with reflector size and do not require an electrical ground. When used in conjunction with absorptive media, multiple internal reflections cause multiple passes through the absorptive media. When used with solar absorptive media, prime polygon reflectors are operable as solar panels. Prime polygon reflector arrays are operable to reduce reflected radar energy and can be used with or without absorptive media.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation-In-Part patent application whichclaims benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 63/431,372 filed onDec. 9, 2022 and also claims benefit of Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 63/415,365 filed on Oct. 12, 2022. This application claims priorityto Continuation-In-Part patent application Ser. No. 17/408,280 filed onAug. 20, 2021, which claims priority to Continuation-In-Part patentapplication Ser. No. 16/664,299 filed on Oct. 25, 2019. This applicationalso claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.16/188,575 filed on Nov. 13, 2018 which claims benefit of ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/707,726 filed on Nov. 15, 2017. The entiredisclosures of these applications are hereby incorporated by referenceand relied upon.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates generally to geometric devices employingmultiple reflective elements to capture or diminish incidentelectromagnetic energy.

Description of Related Art

Two challenges in reducing electromagnetic energy are identifyingsolutions that are effective within a specified range of frequencies andidentifying solutions that are capable of performing their intendedfunction independently of an electrical ground. The latter of thesechallenges is of particular importance in high rise buildings where thephysical distance between shield enclosure or barrier and earth may besignificant. Two challenges when working with waveform energy aretypically how to capture it or how to diminish it. When the waveform isa radar signal, the transmitted signal strikes an object and some of theenergy is reflected which is recognized as an echo signal by the radarreceiver. No prior art has been identified that provides reflectedwaveforms that are not inverted, nor reduced in amplitude throughmultiple absorptive passes.

When the application is a loudspeaker enclosure, many methods have beenutilized to break up, distribute, disperse, or absorb unwantedreflection energy as seen in; JP61100099A by Yoshida, FR2673346 byHausherr, CA2157518A1 by Blumenkranz, U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,258 byWestlund, 2013/0294638 by Huseby, and KR20060040888A by Kim. No priorart has been identified that diminishes reflected energy by providingmultiple reflections and multiple passes through an absorptive media.Similarly, when the application is to capture wave energy from solar orother sources, many attempts have been made as illustrated in U.S. Pat.No. 4,960,468 by Sinton, U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,331 by Miano, and RU2154244by Strebkov. Although the methods disclosed in this art represents somedegree of advancement, improved methods are needed to more effectivelydiminish or capture waveform energy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The article of invention referred to as a prime polygon reflector hereinis a device of predetermined geometric shape with aspects and scalabledimensions derived from a prime number and its mathematical square root.Geometric shapes based on the prime polygon have reflective surfacesthat cause multiple internal reflections of incident waveform energy.When used in conjunction with absorptive media, coatings, or linings,the waveform energy is forced to pass through the absorptive mediamultiple times, thereby increasing effectiveness of the media, coating,or lining. Prime polygon reflectors as disclosed herein producereflected waveforms that are non-inverted by causing an even number ofinternal reflections. In some forms, devices disclosed herein comprisetruncated prime polygon reflector assemblies. Truncated prime polygonreflector assemblies provide a novel approach to the aforementionedchallenges. Truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies as disclosedherein significantly reject passage of electromagnetic energy within aband that varies with an exposure reference dimension referred to hereinas ‘H’. Truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies can be rotated tovary polarization, and can be layered, allowing a stepped approach todifficult electromagnetic energy or interference challenges. Truncatedprime polygon reflector assemblies can be used with a ground, however,they do not require an electrical ground to provide benefits. In someforms, devices disclosed herein comprise truncated prime polygonreflectors that can cause an uneven number of reflections.

In one form, one or more prime polygon reflectors are fixed to astructural framework of a device.

In one form, one or more prime polygon reflectors are formed within astructural framework of a device.

In one form, a prime polygon panel is constructed of materials havingsufficient strength to contribute to or form primary structural supportof a base structure such as a ship, building, aircraft, or otherfunctional apparatus, with prime polygon reflectors tooled or formedinto the panel to accept finish application of absorptive media.

In one form, a prime polygon panel thickness is selected to providestructural support to a device, therefore, wall thickness of a panel maybe selected by the end user or designer based on the application, withprime polygon reflectors and absorptive media applied to the exposedpanel surface.

In one form, an array of prime polygon reflectors includes flat surfacesin between the individual prime polygon reflectors. The flat surfacesmay produce inverted waveform reflections. Non-inverted waveform energyis proportional to the percentage of surface area of the prime polygonreflectors versus the total surface area of the panel. Therefore, theoverall percentage of non-inverted reflection energy can be increased insome embodiments by placing smaller prime polygon reflectors in thespaces in between and varying reflector sizes. Each diameter primepolygon reflector surface has specific frequency characteristics basedon wavelength of incident energy, properties of reflector material, andproperties of absorptive media. Multiple reflector sizes may be utilizedwithin any individual panel. The end user or designer can select acombination of reflector sizes to achieve a desired frequencycharacteristic while maximizing the reflector surface area coverage ofthe panel.

In one form, if panels are made thin, they can easily be layered andinserted into a structural perimeter frame. This allows the designer to“tune” the absorption bandwidth while also being able to controlexterior panel dimensions and structural properties.

In one form, a highly effective, bandwidth-tunable “STEALTH” panel isconstructed from multi-layer panels and absorptive media filling thevacant spaces within each prime polygon reflector and between eachsheet. Without any absorptive media, a highly sensitive,bandwidth-tunable antenna can be made, by electrically connecting thelayers.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is disclosed having apredetermined geometric shape.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector comprises a predeterminedgeometric sectional profile that is extended linearly along an axis Z.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector comprises a predeterminedgeometric sectional profile that is extended along axis Z which iscurvilinear.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is provided with one or more of acoated and a lined reflective surface.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is configured to receive incidentenergy that passes through an absorptive media multiple times beforebeing reflected back into the environment.

In one form, absorptive coating or lining is applied to internalsurfaces of a prime polygon reflector whereby incident parallel rayenergy entering the prime polygon reflector passes through theabsorptive media multiple times.

In one form, absorptive media is in the form of but not limited to oneor more of: a paint, a one part coating, a two part coating, an epoxy,caulk, sheet, urethane, and bonded film.

In one form, examples of absorptive media that may be applied foracoustic energy absorption includes but is not limited to one or moreof: wool, acoustic foams such as SONEX® and multi-density products suchas G&S SAE panels, blankets such as Sound Seal® DL100, and coatings suchas Hy-Tech® SC #1000 and Noxudol® 3101. Market equivalents to thesefoams, blankets, and coatings may be used.

In one form, examples of absorptive media that may be applied for radarenergy absorption includes but is not limited to one or more of: MWT®materials MF-500/501 urethane coating, bonded MAGRAM® film, and MASTTechnologies® radar absorbing material (RAM) in the form of at least oneof caulk, 2-part systems, bonded films or their equivalents.

In one form, examples of absorptive media that can be applied to convertsolar energy to electricity include but are not limited to clear solarfilms and other transparent or non-opaque solar coatings.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector comprises an exposure facepositioned generally orthogonal to the path of a generally parallel waveenergy source.

In one form, the exposure face is a surface to be exposed by apredetermined parallel ray energy source.

In one form, the exposure face is generally planar of a predeterminedlength H.

In one form, the exposure face length H is determined by the applicationand is chosen to accommodate the wave energy source. For example, whenused as a speaker cabinet, H is larger than the corresponding speakerdriver diameter.

In one form, the exposure face is bounded by a first end and a secondend and having a predetermined length H therebetween.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector comprises a first reflectiveface.

In one form, the first reflective face is angled generally 90−α degreesfrom the exposure face.

In one form, the angle α has a nominal value approaching 16.917899degrees.

In one form, the angle α is between 15.63673292 and 18 degrees.

In one form, the angle α has a nominal value approaching 18.71 degrees.

In one form, the angle α is between 13 and 20.5 degrees.

In one form, the first reflective face has a length generally √3 timespredetermined length H of the exposure face.

In one form, the first reflective face has a length generally √3 timespredetermined length H of the exposure face with tolerance between +0.15√3H and −0.15√13H (+/−15%).

In one form, the first reflective face is bounded by a third end and afourth end.

In one form, the second end of the exposure face intersects the thirdend of the first reflective face.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector comprises a second reflectiveface.

In one form, the second reflective face is bounded by a fifth end and asixth end.

In one form, the fifth end of said second reflective face intersectssaid fourth end of said first reflective face.

In one form, the second reflective face is angled generally 90 degreesminus 3 times the angle α (also known as β) from the first reflectiveface.

In one form, a third reflective face is bounded by a seventh end and aneighth end.

In one form, the third reflective face extends generally orthogonal fromthe first end of the exposure face until intersection with the secondreflective face.

In one form, the seventh end of a third reflective face is joined to thesixth end of the second reflective face.

In one form, the eighth end of the third reflective face is joined tothe first end of the exposure face.

In one form, an exposure face, a first reflective face, a secondreflective face, and a third reflective face are generally planar andpositioned perpendicular to a common plane Y.

In one form, angle α is less than 90 degrees.

In one form, the first reflective face and the second reflective facedefine a reflection chamber therebetween.

In one form, the first reflective face, the second reflective face, andthird reflective face define a reflection chamber therebetween.

In one form, a first reflective face and a second reflective face arearranged in a predetermined geometric orientation.

In one form, parallel ray energy entering a prime polygon reflectorlined with absorptive media is reflected a plurality of times within theprime polygon reflector causing the parallel ray energy to be diminishedwith each pass through the absorptive media.

In one form, the absorptive media within a prime polygon reflector is inthe form of a solar cell for absorption of solar energy.

In one form, absorptive media within a prime polygon reflector is in theform of a solar film or solar coating that converts solar energy toelectricity.

In one form, parallel ray energy is directed generally perpendiculartowards the exposure face.

In one form, a portion of the exposure face is removed from the point adistance H/6 from the second end of the exposure face to a pointH/6.316011 from the first end of the exposure face.

In one form, exposing a prime polygon reflector to parallel ray energyat its exposure face provides four internal reflections of the parallelray energy and produces equal total reflective path travel lengths atits points of convergence.

In one form, applying an absorptive coating or lining to interiorsurfaces of the prime polygon reflector causes incident parallel rayenergy to pass through the absorptive media multiple times, increasingeffectiveness of the absorptive media.

In one form, each ray at the envelope boundary is reflected an evennumber of times thereby keeping the parallel ray energy non-inverted inphase.

In one form, an absorptive lining is applied to interior reflectivesurfaces and incoming rays pass through an absorptive lining 8 times.

In one form, a total distance traveled by a first ray entering a primepolygon reflector is generally equal to a total distance traveled by asecond ray thereby producing a reflection envelope boundary that iscoherent in time at its point of convergence.

In one form, reflected energy from a ray enters and exits a primepolygon reflector at the same location.

In one form, rays entering a prime polygon reflector at various pointsalong the reflector's exposure face experience 4 reflections (an evennumber) within the prime polygon reflector before exiting and do notexhibit 180 degree phase shift.

In one form, parallel ray energy reflected in a prime polygon reflectorexperiences a significantly reduced reflection energy that is coherentin time and non-inverted in phase.

In one form, incident energy experiences an uneven number ofreflections.

The various embodiments of the disclosed prime polygon reflector havemany applications, some of which are listed here. In one form, a primepolygon reflector is an acoustic structure that absorbs nearly all ofthe input energy.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is configured as an effectiveloud speaker cabinet.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is configured for use as ambientnoise control.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is configured as an RF absorber(i.e. radar) wherein the prime polygon reflector produces a reflectionof minimal magnitude that is non-inverted.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is configured as a solar absorberfor effective absorption of incident energy as well as reclamation ofinitial reflected energy.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector array comprises a solarfilm or solar coating and is operable as a solar panel.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector array comprising asolar film or solar coating is affixed to a supporting structure and isoperable as a solar panel.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector array comprising asolar film or solar coating is applied to surfaces of objects exposed toincident solar energy such as metal roofing panels or exterior surfacesof a structure.

In one form, the basic shape of the prime polygon reflector can be oneor more of arrayed, scaled, and dissected if limited by physical space.

In one form, an array of prime polygon reflectors comprises a pluralityof prime polygon reflectors each having the same diameter across anexposure face.

In one form, an array of prime polygon reflectors comprises a pluralityof prime polygon reflectors of two or more diameters across an exposureface.

In one form, one or more prime polygon reflectors are seated within atapered bore extending at least partially into an array panel.

In one form, one or more prime polygon reflectors are seated within astraight bore extending at least partially into an array panel.

In one form, the thickness ‘T’ of an array panel may vary.

In one form, array panel thickness ‘T’ is greater than, less than, orequal to a particular prime polygon reflector depth R.

In one form, an array panel comprises a front face, a rear face, and oneor more end faces.

In one form, bores for seating a prime polygon reflector do not extendthrough the entire thickness ‘T’ of an array panel.

In one form, required depth of prime polygon reflector geometry is smallrelative to the thickness of a material. In some embodiments, reflectivefaces of prime polygon reflectors are formed, machined, or imprinteddirectly into the exterior surface of large objects such as oceangoingvessels or buildings.

In one form, an array panel comprises one or more fastening bores forsecuring a prime polygon reflector array in a predetermined position toa wall or other anchoring structure.

In one form, a non-polarized array of prime polygon reflectors is usedas an ambient noise control panel in environments where frequency andlocation of noise vary.

In one form, an array panel having a structural base material isimprinted with varied sized prime polygon reflectors.

In one form, an array panel may include one or more of a first primepolygon reflector of a given diameter X, and any combination of one ormore progressively smaller prime polygon reflectors.

In one form, combining a variety of prime polygon reflectors in an arraypanel minimizes the flat surfaces between adjacent prime polygonreflectors consequently reducing the incidence of producing invertedwaveform reflections.

In one form, a noise control panel comprising a structural base materialwith varied sized prime polygon reflectors imprinted thereon arepositioned with ends adjacent to each other forming enlarged noisecontrol surfaces. Surfaces of the prime polygon reflectors are coveredwith a predetermined absorptive media.

In one form, an array panel is sufficiently thick to also serve as astructural panel material such as used in construction of ships,buildings, aircraft, and other structures.

In one form, an array panel is thin and thus unable to serve as astructural panel but may be fixed to a structure.

In one form, a multi-layer array panel comprises absorptive mediadisposed between one or more sheets.

In one form, materials of construction will vary depending on theapplication; however the materials need only to be efficient atreflecting the type of energy input, and capable of maintaining form,fit, and function under loading combinations of the application.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector is optimized based on thewavelengths of energy to be absorbed and the structural designrequirements of the application.

In one form, a panel frame is utilized to couple a prime polygonreflector array to a structure such as a wall.

In one form, a panel frame comprises one or more end struts.

In one form, a panel frame comprises an intermediate strut.

In one form, an end strut comprises a base rib and panel rib extendingfrom the base rib.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array is formed into flexiblematerial suitable for application to objects of irregular shape usingfasteners, adhesives, or other means.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array comprising RF/radarabsorptive media is applied to surfaces of a ship, vehicle, or building.

In one form, single or multiple layers of prime polygon reflector arrayscomprising RF/radar absorptive media are encased in a sheathing.

In one form, multiple layers of flexible prime polygon reflector arraysof differing exposure reference H comprise RF/radar absorptive media.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array is configured as avertically, horizontally, or angularly polarized prime polygonabsorption panel for absorption of single wavelength radar.

In one form, disposed on a front side of a prime polygon reflector arrayand extending linearly from opposing sides is a plurality of vertically,horizontally, or angularly spaced first reflector faces on firstreflector walls and a plurality of second reflective faces on secondreflective walls.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array comprises one or more firstprime polygon reflectors of a given diameter X, and any combination ofone or more progressively smaller prime polygon reflectors.

In one form, absorption characteristics are a function of prime polygonreflector diameter and energy wavelength. Varying size of individualreflectors within a single array provides an absorption bandwidth thatis tunable by the designer.

In one form, a first reflective face and a second reflective face iscovered by a radio frequency (RF)/radar absorptive media.

In one form, prime polygon geometric relationships are utilized to formreflective faces on an array panel.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array is configured as avertically, horizontally, or angularly polarized prime polygon reflectorarray for absorption of a pre-determined bandwidth radar.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array is constructed from aplurality of individual array panels.

In one form, the plurality of individual array panels are sandwichedtogether and held as a prime polygon reflector array assembly.

In one form, a prime polygon reflector array assembly is at leastpartially held together by a non-reflective perimeter framing.

In one form, individual array panels comprise regions within the frontface corresponding to a particular prime polygon geometric relationshipused in that region.

In one form, a custom absorption spectra is created by varying theexposure face height H and layering a combination of prime polygonreflector array panels.

In one form, prime polygon reflectors are scribed into a prime polygonreflector array panel by stamping or die-forming into a thin reflectivesubstrate.

In one form, prime polygon reflectors are tooled into an exteriorsurface of a thick array panel.

In one form, the reflection chambers defined herein are formed based onan exposure wall with exposure face thereon and reflective walls andreflective faces thereon. These exposure and reflective faces arepositioned according to the predefined geometric polygon conditions andcomprise coincident reference lines thereon. In various embodiments,portions of one or more of the exposure walls and exposure faces andreflective walls and reflective faces are truncated. At locations wherethis truncation occurs, the coincident reference lines for each of thesefaces remain and control the predefined reflection chamber geometry.Therefore, underlying an exposure face is an exposure reference,underlying a first reflective face is a first reflective reference,underlying a second reflective face is a second reflective reference,and underlying a third reflective face is a third reflective reference.

In one form, one or more reflective walls and/or exposure wall withassociated faces thereon may be truncated for reasons such as spacelimitations, however the geometric relationship between the reflectivefaces and reflective walls as measured from inside the associatedreflection chamber remain the same.

In one form, the third reflective wall and exposure wall with associatedreflective faces thereon are absent for electromagnetic applications. Inthese embodiments, the geometric relationship between the underlyingreflective references remains.

In one form, an exposure wall, a first reflective wall, a secondreflective wall, and a third reflective wall with respective faces forma geometrically distinct polygon as measured from inside the associatedreflection chamber. Despite portions of these faces and walls beingtruncated in some embodiments, a distinct intersection between referencelines associated with these exposure and reflective walls/faces remain.

In one form, first reflective faces and second reflective faces oftruncated prime polygon reflector arrays are formed directly into thesurface of a material. In some embodiments, reflective walls areprovided by the material into which reflective faces are formed.

In one form, reflective walls of prime polygon reflector arrays areformed by 3D printing. In some embodiments, 3D printed material isnon-reflective and first reflective faces and second reflective faces oftruncated prime polygon reflector arrays are covered or coated withreflective material.

In one form, absorptive media in a revolved geometry prime polygonreflector may be in the form of a solar collector such as solar film orcoating.

In one form, truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies are installedas a passive means to reduce electromagnetic radiation exposure tooccupants of buildings where high power cellular phone or other datatransmission equipment is sited on the rooftop of office or apartmentbuildings.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly isnon-conductively framed and fit to the exterior of an existing shieldenclosure to increase shielding effectiveness within the rejection bandof the truncated prime polygon reflector assembly.

In one form, multiple truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies ofdiffering rejection bands are layered in a non-conductive frame and fitto the exterior of an existing shield enclosure to provide supplementalbroadband shielding that cannot be disabled by severing the enclosureground.

In one form, truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies are pre-formedconductive panels intended to replace flat conductive panels used inconstruction of traditional shield enclosures.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly comprisesinsertion of reflective elements through pre-slotted enclosure or roomframing members such as wall studs, joists, or rafters. In this form,the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure is passively increasedwithin the rejection band of the truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly. This passive increase is functional in the event of loss ofshield enclosure ground and is not visible to a casual observer.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is apre-stamped panel of thin, reflective substrate for installation betweenwall studs, floor joists, rafters or truss members intended to fitstandard commercial and residential buildings.

In one form, truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is a pre-formednon-reflective substrate for installation between wall studs, floorjoists, rafters or truss members. At least a portion of the assembly isthen dipped, sprayed, foil faced or by other means provided with areflective surface. Low cost examples would include injection molded orformed foam panels dipped or sprayed with reflective paint or coating.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is enclosed ina portable, self standing partition to provide temporary preventativeprotection against Bluetooth eavesdropping during meetings orconferences.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is enclosed ina portable, self standing partition and electrically connected to theground conductor of a standard electric appliance cord to make use ofelectrical ground of a facility such as a hotel or restaurant conferenceroom to enhance wireless privacy during meetings or conferences.

In one form, a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly isnon-conductively anchored to or adjacent to interior surfaces of ashield enclosure or shielded room, and electrically connected to thesignal conductor of an electrical circuit. Provided with an appropriateground, the signal conductor may be used for interior enclosure spectralmonitoring, or can be used to radiate a jamming signal, initiatedmanually or as an output from an alarm system in response to a faultcondition such as a detected loss of primary enclosure ground ordetection of an intruder.

In one form, reflective elements structurally incapable of being formedby stamping are inserted into pre-slotted inserts for installationbetween existing framing members.

In one form, single or multi-layer arrays can be provided tomanufacturers for incorporation into products such as office cubiclepartitions, modular computer server rooms, or doors used inradio-sensitive areas.

In one form, reflective faces of truncated prime polygon reflectorarrays are formed into a laminate, film or other material suitable forapplication to the display surfaces of smart phones, computer monitors,or laptop computers.

In one form, reflective faces of truncated prime polygon reflectorarrays are formed into a laminate, film, or sheet of material suitablefor application to the surface of a lens of sunglasses or eyeglasses. Inan alternate embodiment, reflective faces of truncated prime polygonreflector arrays are formed directly into the surface of lenses ofsunglasses or eyeglasses.

In one form, reflective faces of truncated prime polygon reflectorarrays are formed into a laminate, film, or sheet of material suitablefor application to surfaces of residential or commercial windows toreduce passage of electromagnetic energy.

In one form, prime polygon reflector arrays are formed into flexiblematerial for application to surfaces of irregular or non-planar shape.In some embodiments, the material selected is reflective. In otherembodiments, reflective faces of the arrays are formed into anon-reflective substrate to which a reflective coating is applied.

In one form, prime polygon reflector arrays are formed by insertingindividual prime polygon reflectors into a material. In someembodiments, the material receiving individual reflectors is flexible.In these embodiments the arrays can be applied to surfaces of objects ofirregular or non-planar shape.

In one form, individual layers in multi-layer arrays are formed withadjacent or near adjacent values of exposure reference H to provide abroader bandwidth.

In one form, individual layers in multi-layer arrays are formed withbandwidths separated by a predetermined band to allow passage of apredetermined bandwidth.

In one form, truncated prime polygon reflectors causing other than fourreflections are used in electromagnetic applications. In someembodiments, truncated prime polygon reflector arrays are formed withangle α between 13 degrees and 20.5 degrees.

In one form, prime polygon reflectors and truncated prime polygonreflector arrays are formed with an angle α approaching 18.71 degrees.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention willbecome more readily appreciated when considered in connection with thefollowing detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a geometric representation of various faces of a primepolygon reflector with underlying references illustrating definedgeometric relationships according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 2 depicts a section view of various faces of a prime polygonreflector illustrating the path of parallel ray energy entering andexiting a prime polygon reflector at two different locations accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein. In thisembodiment, each ray exits the prime polygon reflector at theirrespective entrance points;

FIG. 3 depicts a section view of various faces of a prime polygonreflector with absorptive lining and further illustrates the path of asingle ray entering through a window near a first end of an exposureface according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 4 depicts a section view of various faces of a prime polygonreflector with absorptive lining and further illustrates the path of asecond single ray entering through a window near a second end of anexposure face according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein;

FIG. 5 depicts a partial perspective view of a prime polygon reflectorin an elongate configuration illustrating two samples of ray energybeing reflected and passing through an absorptive media according to oneor more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 6 depicts an exploded view of a prime polygon reflector in the formof an audio speaker according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 7 a depicts first side perspective view of the audio speaker ofFIG. 6 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 7 b depicts a second side perspective view of the audio speaker ofFIG. 6 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 7 c depicts a front view of the audio speaker of FIG. 6 accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 7 d depicts a top view of the audio speaker of FIG. 6 according toone or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 7 e depicts a cross-sectional view of the audio speaker of FIG. 6according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 8 depicts Rotational Axis 1 and Rotational Axis 2 around which theprime polygon geometry may be rotated for creation of two types ofrevolved (non-polarized) prime polygon reflectors according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 9 a depicts a line drawing of prime polygon reflector geometry forrotation about Rotational Axis 1 in a speaker box application accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 9 b depicts a front perspective view of a prime polygon reflectorwith speaker created from rotation about rotation axis 1 as illustratedin FIG. 9 a according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein;

FIG. 9 c depicts a cross-sectional view of the prime polygon reflectorwith loud speaker driver depicted in FIG. 9 b with a second reflectivereference and third reflective reference representing some of thetruncated portions according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 9 d depicts a rear perspective view of the prime polygon reflectordepicted in FIG. 9 b according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 9 e depicts a front view of a revolved prime polygon reflectorcreated by rotation about Rotational Axis 1 according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 9 f depicts a cross-sectional view of the revolved prime polygonreflector of FIG. 9 e according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 9 g depicts a front perspective view of the revolved prime polygonreflector of FIG. 9 e according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 10 a depicts a line drawing of prime polygon reflector geometry forrotation about rotational axis 2 in a speaker box application accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 10 b depicts a front perspective view of a prime polygon reflectorwith speaker created from rotation about rotation axis 2 as illustratedin FIG. 10 a according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein;

FIG. 10 c depicts a cross-sectional view of the prime polygon reflectorwith loud speaker driver depicted in FIG. 10 b according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 10 d depicts a rear perspective view of the prime polygon reflectordepicted in FIG. 10 b according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 10 e depicts a front view of a revolved non-polarized prime polygonreflector created by rotation about Rotational Axis 2 according to oneor more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 10 f depicts a cross-sectional view of the revolved prime polygonreflector of FIG. 10 e according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 10 g depicts a front perspective view of the revolved prime polygonreflector of FIG. 10 e according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 11 a depicts a front perspective view of an arrayed panel of primepolygon reflectors of FIG. 9 g according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein;

FIG. 11 b depicts a rear perspective view of a an arrayed panel of primepolygon reflectors of FIG. 9 g according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein;

FIG. 11 c depicts a cross sectional view of the arrayed panel of primepolygon reflectors of FIG. 11 a according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein;

FIG. 12 a depicts a front perspective view of a an arrayed panel ofprime polygon reflectors of FIG. 10 g according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 12 b depicts a rear perspective view of a an arrayed panel of primepolygon reflectors of FIG. 10 g according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein;

FIG. 12 c depicts a cross sectional view of the arrayed panel of primepolygon reflectors of FIG. 12 a according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein;

FIG. 13 depicts a front perspective view of an arrayed panel ofmulti-sized prime polygon reflectors according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 14 depicts a rear perspective view of the arrayed panel ofmulti-sized prime polygon reflectors of FIG. 13 according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 15 depicts a cross-sectional view of the arrayed panel ofmulti-sized prime polygon reflectors of FIG. 13 according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 16 depicts a front view of a non-polarized prime polygon reflectorarray comprising prime polygon reflectors of a range of diametersaccording to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 17 depicts a perspective view of a plurality of prime polygonreflector arrays arranged at their end faces to form larger surfaceareas according to one or more embodiments shown and described hereinand wherein the panels are shown with smooth face as they may appearafter finish treatment with absorptive media;

FIG. 18 depicts a perspective view of a larger plurality of primepolygon reflector arrays arranged at their end faces to form largersurface areas according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein and wherein the panels are shown with smooth face as they mayappear after finish treatment with absorptive media;

FIG. 19 depicts an exploded view of a typical panel frame utilized formounting one or more prime polygon reflector arrays to a structure usingframe fasteners in the form of screws illustrated in perspective view inFIG. 19 a and panel retainers as illustrated in perspective view in FIG.19 b according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 20 is an end view of a vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel for single wavelength radar according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel of FIG. 20 wherein horizontal or angular polarizationcan be achieved by rotation of reflective faces or arrayed panels;

FIG. 21B is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly further illustrated with optional electrical terminal;

FIG. 21C is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly with an end mounting flange;

FIG. 21D is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly with optional mounting flanges and with a reflective surfacecovering;

FIG. 21E is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly with an optional side mounting flange and illustrated with areflective surface covering;

FIG. 21F is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly within an enclosure with a portion of its facing removed toillustrate inside features;

FIG. 21G is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly within an enclosure with optional facing removed to illustrateinside features and with support features to make the panelself-standing;

FIG. 21H is a perspective view of the framing of a wall comprisingslotted studs and inserted truncated prime polygon reflector assemblieshoused between the studs;

FIG. 21I is an exploded perspective view of the wall depicted in FIG.21H;

FIG. 21J is a perspective view of various sized reflector plates thatcan be utilized to construct a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly;

FIG. 21K is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly comprising a plurality of TPPRAs having differing rejectionbands;

FIG. 21L is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly installed between trusses in a roof;

FIG. 21M is a cutaway perspective view of a building having truncatedprime polygon reflector assemblies framed to the exterior of an existingshield enclosure;

FIG. 21N is a cutaway perspective view of a building wherein truncatedprime polygon reflector assemblies are positioned adjacent to interiorsurfaces of a shield enclosure;

FIG. 21P is a cutaway perspective view of a building utilizing truncatedprime polygon reflector assemblies passively installed against abuilding;

FIG. 21Q is a top view of a conference room with portable truncatedprime polygon reflector assemblies partially encircling a participantsmeeting at a conference table;

FIG. 22 is an end view of another vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel for single wavelength radar with absorptive materialremoved according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel of FIG. 22 with absorptive material removed accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 24 is an end view of yet another vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel for single wavelength radar with absorptive materialremoved according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the vertically polarized prime polygonabsorption panel of FIG. 24 with absorptive material removed accordingto one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 26 is a front view of a prime polygon reflector array comprising avariety of different prime polygon reflector cross sections of varyingexposure face height in various regions of the array to provide a tunedbandwidth according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein;

FIG. 27 is a front view of another variation of a prime polygonreflector array comprising a variety of different prime polygonreflector cross sections of varying exposure face height in variousregions of the array to provide a tuned bandwidth according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein (selected prime polygonreflectors are illustrated as broken out perspective views);

FIG. 28 is a front view of yet another variation of a prime polygonreflector array comprising a variety of different prime polygonreflector cross sections of varying exposure face height in variousregions of the array to provide a tuned bandwidth according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a custom absorption spectra created bythe layering of the prime polygon reflector arrays of FIGS. 26-28according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view of the layered prime polygonreflector array of FIG. 29 according to one or more embodiments shownand described herein;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a custom absorption spectra created bylayering of the prime polygon reflector array of FIG. 16 according toone or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorconfigured for use in the collection of solar energy according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 33 is an end view of the truncated prime polygon reflector (*indicates truncated) of FIG. 31 with third reflective reference andexposure reference according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein;

FIG. 34 is a front view of the truncated prime polygon reflector of FIG.31 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

FIG. 35 is a detail view of a portion of a dual polarized prime polygonreflector array comprising reflective faces of two truncated primepolygon reflector arrays of uniform exposure reference H formed into acommon material. In this illustration, exposure references H are of acommon plane and one array is rotated 90 degrees from the otheraccording to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

The top of FIG. 36 depicts a detail view of a dual polarized primepolygon reflector comprising RF/radar absorptive media, and the bottomof FIG. 36 illustrates a plurality of dual polarized prime polygonreflectors formed or inserted into a flexible material and furtherillustrated with optional electrical terminal according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein.

FIGS. 37 a-c illustrate variations of truncated prime polygon reflectorarrays formed into a flexible material with optional electricalterminal. FIG. 37 a illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflectorarray absent absorptive media according to one or more embodiments shownand described herein.

FIG. 37 b illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector arraycomprising RF/radar absorptive media according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 37 c illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector arraycomprising solar absorptive media according to one or more embodimentsshown and described herein.

The top of FIG. 38 depicts a detail view of two non-polarized primepolygon reflectors comprising RF/radar absorptive media depicted facingopposite directions. The bottom of FIG. 38 illustrates a plurality ofnon-polarized prime polygon reflectors formed or inserted into aflexible material with optional electrical terminal according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 39 illustrates a preferred embodiment combining dual polarized,truncated, and non-polarized prime polygon reflector arrays comprisingRF/radar absorptive media assembled into a multi-layer prime polygonreflector stealth array according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein.

FIG. 40 depicts a front view of a truck with multi-layer prime polygonreflector stealth arrays applied to its surfaces according to one ormore embodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 41 depicts an encased prime polygon reflector stealth array in theupper image, and a front view of the encased prime polygon reflectorstealth array covering a support structure in the lower image. In thisillustration, the support structure provides an enclosure for a utilityvehicle according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 42 depicts various forms of prime polygon reflectors andmulti-layer prime polygon reflector stealth arrays used to reduce radarenergy reflected from an oceangoing vessel according to one or moreembodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 43 illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array applied todisplay surfaces of a smart phone, computer monitor, or laptop computeraccording to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 44 a depicts a side view of a sunglass user with a cross-sectionaldepiction of a truncated prime polygon reflector array applied to thelens of a pair of sunglasses according to one or more embodiments shownand described herein.

FIG. 44 b illustrates an enlarged detail view of a portion of atruncated prime polygon reflector array formed with reflective faces ofapproximately equal depth according to one or more embodiments shown anddescribed herein.

FIG. 44 c depicts a pair of sunglasses with exaggerated texture lines onthe lenses to simulate a truncated prime polygon reflector array appliedto the lenses according to one or more embodiments shown and describedherein.

FIG. 45 illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array applied tothe surface of a window pane in a commercial or residential structureaccording to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

FIG. 46 illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array comprisingsolar absorptive media applied to the surface of a metal roofing productaccording to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Select embodiments of the invention will now be described with referenceto the Figures. Like numerals indicate like or corresponding elementsthroughout the several views and wherein various embodiments areseparated by letters (i.e. 100, 100B, 100C). The terminology used in thedescription presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in anylimited or restrictive way, simply because it is being utilized inconjunction with detailed description of certain specific embodiments ofthe invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may includeseveral novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible forits desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing theinvention described herein.

FIG. 1 illustrates prime polygon geometry 100 a in a preferredembodiment of a prime polygon reflector. As illustrated, the geometricrelationship is driven by a chosen height ‘H’ of an exposure face 102 aas deemed useful for a given application. Geometric measurements reflectinternal dimensions of reflection chamber 126 a before application ofany absorptive materials and are measured from the terminal ends of eachface exposed in reflection chamber 126 a where the faces geometricallyintersect. Exposure face 102 a comprises a first end 104 a and a secondend 106 a and therefore is generally an internal measure between theexposure face 102 a intersection with first reflective face 108 a andthird reflective face 120 a of reflection chamber 126 a.

In various embodiments, portions of one or more of the exposure wallsand exposure faces and reflective walls and reflective faces aretruncated. At locations where this truncation occurs, the coincidentreference lines (in phantom) for each of these faces remain and controlthe predefined reflection chamber geometry. As illustrated in FIG. 1 ,underlying an exposure face 102 a is an exposure reference 175 a,underlying a first reflective face 108 a is a first reflective reference176 a, underlying a second reflective face 114 a is a second reflectivereference 177 a, and underlying a third reflective face 120 a is a thirdreflective reference 178 a.

Further in this embodiment, first reflective face 108 a is angled fromexposure face 102 a by (90−α) degrees (generally 73.082101 degrees). Asillustrated, α is generally equal to 16.917899 degrees. The internalmeasure of first reflective face 108 a from intersection at third end110 a and fourth end 112 a is nominally (√3 times H). As square rootthree is an exact mathematical value, and scaling factors close to thisvalue are capable of producing reflection chambers with desirableproperties, a tolerance of +/−15% square root three is applied,precluding competitive designs from using scaling factors close tosquare root three and arguing angular restrictions on alpha therefore donot apply.

Second reflective face 114 a is angled from first reflective face 108 aat intersection of fourth end 112 a of first reflective face 108 a andfifth end 116 a of second reflective face 114 a at an angle 90−β degrees(wherein β=3 times α). Third reflective face 120 a extends from eighthend 124 a generally orthogonal from first end 104 a of exposure face 102a. The length of second reflective face 114 a, and third reflective face120 a are determined by the intersection of these two faces at sixth end118 a of second reflective face 114 a and seventh end 122 a of thirdreflective face 120 a. As illustrated, the exposure face 102 a, and thefirst, second, and third reflective faces 108 a, 114 a, and 120 a form apolygon.

The exposure face and each reflective face are disposed on acorresponding wall facing the reflection chamber. For example, exposureface 102 a is disposed on exposure wall 103 a, first reflective face 108a is disposed on first reflective wall 109 a, second reflective face 114a is disposed on second reflective wall 115 a, and third reflective face120 a is disposed on third reflective wall 121 a. Each wall ismanufactured of materials capable of reflecting an energy wave such assound for example. In a preferred embodiment, walls are constructed of awood material. In alternative embodiments, walls are constructed ofpolymers, composites, metals, or other materials sufficiently capable ofreflecting energy waves and structurally capable of maintaining form,fit, and function under external physical loading combinations of theapplication.

In this embodiment, a window 128 a is provided through the exposure face102 a of the prime polygon as illustrated using the dashed line. It isthrough window 128 a that parallel wave energy enters and exits theprime polygon reflector. In this embodiment, window 128 a is offsetalong exposure face 102 a from third reflective face 120 a by a distancegenerally H divided by 6.316011 and offset along exposure face 102 afrom first reflective face 108 a by a distance generally H divided by 6.In this embodiment, window 128 a defines first exposure tab 130 a andsecond exposure tab 132 a.

FIG. 2 illustrates parallel ray energy entering and exiting a preferredembodiment of a prime polygon reflector at two locations. The totaldistance traveled by RAY 1 is equal to the total distance traveled byRAY 2 producing a reflection envelope boundary that is coherent in timeby virtue of equal length travel paths. Note also in this embodiment,the reflected energy from RAY 1 exits the prime polygon reflector at thesame location as it entered. Similarly the reflected energy from RAY 2exits the prime polygon reflector at the same location that it entered.RAYs 1 and 2 each experience 4 reflections (an even number) within theprime polygon reflector and therefore do not exhibit a 180 degree phaseshift. Parallel ray energy entering the prime polygon reflector inbetween RAY 1 and RAY 2 also experiences 4 reflections before exiting.Applying an absorptive coating or lining to interior surfaces of theprime polygon reflector causes incident parallel ray energy to passthrough the absorptive media multiple times, increasing effectiveness ofthe absorptive media.

The inventor has completed extensive experimentation to determine arange of values for α that creates a reflection chamber envelopeproducing multiple even number reflections without the 180 degree phaseshift of a normal reflector. Based on these experiments, best resultsare achieved when a ranges between 15.63673292 and 18.0 degrees.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a prime polygon reflector internally lined withabsorptive media and the path of two sample rays (RAY1 and RAY2) as theyare reflected in the reflection chamber 126 a and travel through theabsorptive media. In preferred embodiments, the absorptive media coversfirst reflective face 108 a, second reflective face 114 a, and thirdreflective face 120 a inside reflection chamber 126 a. In someembodiments, absorptive media may also cover portions of first exposuretab 130 a and second exposure tab 132 a each facing reflection chamber126 a. The absorptive media may assume a variety of forms suitable forthe application. For example, for some applications the absorptive mediamay be in the form of sections of flat panels that are sized to acorresponding reflective face. In other applications, the absorptivemedia may be molded to fit a reflection chamber of a particular size orshape. In other applications, the absorptive media may be sprayed,brushed, dipped, or poured directly on one or more reflective faces oronto a mold surface sized and shaped for later application against areflective face. Many of these techniques will produce completely filledprofiles of absorptive media with a smooth or other desired surface.

FIG. 3 illustrates full travel path of incident RAY 1, and FIG. 4 showsthe full travel path of incident RAY 2. In each of FIGS. 3 and 4 , asequential number is assigned each time the incident energy ray passesthrough the absorptive media lining. As indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4 ,each incident energy ray passes through the absorptive media a total of8 times. For example, the first absorptive pass occurs at 142 a, thesecond absorptive pass occurs at 143 a, the third absorptive pass occursat 144 a, the fourth absorptive pass occurs at 145 a, the fifthabsorptive pass occurs at 146 a, the sixth absorptive pass occurs at 147a, the seventh absorptive pass occurs at 148 a, and the eighthabsorptive pass occurs at 149 a. Incident energy rays entering the primepolygon reflector between the entrance points of RAY 1 and RAY 2 (i.e.through window 128 a) also pass through the absorptive media nominally 8times. Assuming a structure forming the shape of the prime polygonreflector is of adequate structural integrity to retain its shape and ofsuitable material to reflect incident energy perfectly, effectiveness ofthe absorptive media is increased by a nominal factor of 8 by virtue ofthe incident energy being reflected to pass through the absorptive mediamultiple times. As an example, an absorptive media capable of 3 dBabsorption at each pass would approach 8×3 dB=24 dB (99.6%) energyabsorption when applied to the interior surfaces of a prime polygonreflector as disclosed herein. The remaining 0.4% rejected energy,having been reflected an even number of 4 times would not exhibit the180 degree phase shift normally associated with an incident, normalreflection. As a point of comparison, radar absorbing coatings such asMWT Materials MF-500/501 or MAST Technologies MAGRAM publish absorptionvalues of 4-20 db for X-band radar applications (8-12 GHz) at appliedthickness of 1-3 mm.

FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of a prime polygon reflector in anelongated configuration with two samples of ray energy reflected andpassing through an absorptive media. Identified in the drawing is firstreflective wall 109 a with first reflective face 108 a thereon andcovered by first absorptive media 134 a. Second reflective wall 115 ahas second reflective face 114 a thereon which is covered by secondabsorptive media 136 a. Third reflective wall 121 a has third reflectiveface 120 a thereon and is covered by third absorptive media 138 a.Window 128 a extends through the corresponding exposure wall and definesfirst exposure tab 130 a and second exposure tab 132 a. In thisembodiment, each of the exposure and reflective walls are extended alongAxis Z which here is illustrated as straight. In alternativeembodiments, Axis Z may be curvilinear resulting in non-planarreflection chamber surfaces.

FIGS. 6 and 7 a-7 e illustrate use of an embodiment of a prime polygonreflector arrayed linearly and configured as a loud speaker cabinet.FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the speaker illustrated in FIG. 7 a-7 c .FIGS. 7 d (top view) and 7 e (cross-sectional) are views illustratingthe familiar prime polygon geometry. As illustrated in FIG. 6 , thisreflector comprises an exposure wall 103 b with exposure face 102 bthereon facing a reflection chamber. Windows 128 b extend throughexposure wall 103 b. In this embodiment, window 128 b is generally roundand is spaced from first reflective wall 109 b and third reflective wall121 b according to the previously defined geometric conditions H/6 andH/6.316011. Optimum placement is achieved when the effective conediameter or characteristic dimension of the loudspeaker driver coincideswith the prime polygon points of convergence. When this conditionexists, energy input along the driver axis is forced through absorptivemedia a minimum of eight times before any reflective path could allowenergy to escape the cabinet by exiting through the driver. Audiospeaker 150 b is mounted over each window 128 b using fasteners. Thirdreflective wall 121 b, second reflective wall 115 b, and firstreflective wall 109 b with corresponding reflective faces thereon aresized and positioned to create a reflection chamber 126 b therebetween.In this embodiment, each of the first, second, and third reflectivefaces 108 b, 114 b, and 120 b is covered by a respective firstabsorptive media 134 b, second absorptive media 136 b, and thirdabsorptive media 138 b. A first cap wall 152 b (with first cap face 153b thereon) and a second cap wall 154 b (with second cap face 155 bthereon) enclose the ends of reflection chamber 126 b and may also becovered in absorptive media. One or more feet are mounted to a bottomsurface of second cap wall 154 b to position the speaker cabinet on thefloor. Fasteners, adhesives, tapes, dowels, and other methods may beused to join each reflective wall to form the speaker box and to holdthe respective absorptive media to the corresponding reflective face. Insome embodiments, faces directed toward reflection chamber 126 b offirst cap wall 152 b, second cap wall 154 b, and exposure wall 103 b mayalso be covered with absorptive media. Operation of a prime polygonreflector is primarily dependent on the positioning of the exposurefaces and reflective faces with respect to each other. Therefore,substantial changes to surfaces outside the reflection chamber may bedone in various applications for cosmetic reasons thereby changing theoutward appearance of the prime polygon reflector without affectingperformance.

FIG. 8 illustrates prime polygon reflector geometry and introducesRotational Axis 1 which is positioned orthogonal to exposure face 102 cat V1 located at first end 104 c of exposure face 102 c and extendscoincident with third reflective face 120 c. FIG. 8 also introducesRotational Axis 2 which is also orthogonal to exposure face 102 c at V2located at second end 106 c of exposure face 102 c. Therefore,Rotational Axis 2 is parallel to third reflective face 120 c andRotational Axis 1 and Rotational Axis 2 are spaced by a distance H. Whenthe prime polygon geometry is revolved about Rotation Axis 1 orRotational Axis 2, revolved configurations of the prime polygonreflector are produced. For example, FIG. 9 a illustrates one embodimentof the geometry that may be used to create a revolved speaker box whenrevolved about Rotational Axis 1. FIGS. 9 b, 9 c, and 9 d illustratevarious views of a speaker box comprising this revolved geometry. Asillustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 c , portions of thegeometry have been truncated in this embodiment thereby minimizingdirect reflective surface area. As another example, FIG. 10 aillustrates an embodiment of the geometry that may be used to create arevolved speaker box when revolved about Rotational Axis 2. Note inthese examples, the exposure face has a length H (diameter in this case)of 10. FIGS. 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d illustrate various views of a speakerbox comprising this revolved geometry. As illustrated in thecross-sectional view of FIG. 10 c , portions of the geometry have beentruncated in this embodiment. Note that prime polygon reflectors formedby rotation about Rotational Axis 1 or Rotational Axis 2 results inconsequent conical shape of the first reflective face and the secondreflective face.

The geometric shapes illustrated in FIG. 9 b through 10 g lendthemselves to existing manufacturing, presswork, and molding operations,allowing circular exposure faces to be repeated and arrayed andtherefore facilitating the absorptive gains of the lined prime polygonreflector to be applied to large surface areas.

FIG. 11 a-11 c illustrate one embodiment of a prime polygon reflectorarray 158 cc using the prime polygon reflectors 101 cc illustrated inFIG. 9 g . Here, an array panel 164 cc about half the thickness of theexposure face diameter is perforated with a plurality of tapered bores162 cc sized to seat prime polygon reflector 101 cc therein. Similarly,FIG. 12 a-12 c illustrate one embodiment of a prime polygon reflectorarray 158 dd using the prime polygon reflectors 101 dd illustrated inFIG. 10 g . Here, an array panel 164 dd about half the thickness of theexposure face diameter is perforated with a plurality of straight bores160 dd sized to seat prime polygon reflector 101 dd therein. Preferablythe prime polygon reflectors are fixed in place using adhesives, welded,etc.

Because the prime polygon is scalable, and the exposure face dimensionis selected by the user or designer, there is a great deal offlexibility in being able to optimize the prime polygon reflector basedon the wavelengths of energy to be absorbed and the structural designrequirements of the application. Prime polygon reflectors 101 cc and 101dd used in prime polygon reflector arrays 158 cc, 158 dd illustrated inFIGS. 11 a-11 c and FIGS. 12 a-12 c provide an open, circular exposureface that permits absorptive media to be applied by a variety ofmethods. To maximize absorption, panel surfaces between exposure facesmay also be coated. Spraying, dipping, or even laying panels flat andpouring liquid media can produce completely filled profiles with asmooth surface finish.

As illustrated in the FIG. 11 a-11 c embodiment, prime polygonreflectors 101 cc are seated within a tapered bore 162 cc extending atleast partially into array panel 164 cc. Similarly, and as illustratedin the FIG. 12 a-12 c embodiment, prime polygon reflectors 101 dd areseated within a straight bore 160 cc extending at least partially intoarray panel 164 dd. As illustrated here, the bores are configured astapered or straight, however one skilled in the art will recognize thatother relationships exists for a prime polygon reflector to be seatedwithin an array panel. In addition, the thickness of an array panel mayvary. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 15 , the array panel thicknessT may be greater than, less than, or equal to a particular prime polygonreflector depth R. As further noted in FIG. 15 , the larger primepolygon reflectors have a reflector depth R that is greater than thepanel thickness T whereas the smaller prime polygon reflectors have areflector depth T that is smaller than the panel thickness T. Inalternative embodiments, the array panel thickness T may be sufficientlythick to also serve as structural support for a structure such as abuilding, water vessel such as a ship, or aircraft. In this embodiment,array panel 164 ee comprises a front face 166 ee, a rear face 168 ee,and one or more end faces 170 ee. When an array panel is configured toalso provide structural support, the panel thickness T is typicallygreater than reflector depth R. In this case, bores such as straightbore 160 dd and tapered bore 162 cc do not extend through the rear faceof the corresponding panel. In some embodiments, an array panel maycomprise one or more fastening bores to house fasteners, hooks, wire,rope or other device for securing a prime polygon reflector array in apredetermined position to a wall or other structure.

FIG. 13-15 illustrate one embodiment of a prime polygon reflector array158 ee using prime polygon reflectors 101 ee of various sizes of thetype illustrated in FIG. 10 g . Here, an array panel 164 ee about halfthe thickness of the exposure face diameter is perforated with aplurality of straight bores 160 ee sized to seat prime polygon reflector101 ee therein. Preferably the prime polygon reflectors are fixed inplace using adhesives, welded, etc. In alternative embodiments, an arraypanel is perforated with tapered bores of various diameters to seatvarious sized prime polygon reflectors of the type illustrated in FIG. 9g . In yet another alternative embodiment, an array panel is perforatedwith a combination of tapered and straight bores for seating both typesof FIGS. 9 g and 10 g style prime polygon reflectors. Again, thesevarious embodiments may be configured to comprise prime polygonreflectors of a single size or a plurality of sizes.

FIG. 16 illustrates yet another example of a prime polygon reflectorarray 158 f. This configuration illustrates a non-polarized array ofprime polygon reflectors useful for ambient noise control as might beencountered where frequency and location of noise vary or for circularlypolarized energy source. In this embodiment, the prime polygonreflectors are imprinted directly in array panel 164 f as opposed toseated in bores as illustrated in FIG. 15 and in other Figures. Asillustrated, array panel 164 f comprises prime polygon reflectors of arange of distinct diameters. For example, the array may include one ormore first prime polygon reflector 180 f of a given diameter X, and anycombination of one or more progressively smaller: second prime polygonreflector 182 f, third prime polygon reflector 184 f, fourth primepolygon reflector 186 f, fifth prime polygon reflector 188 f, sixthprime polygon reflector 190 f, seventh prime polygon reflector 192 f andso on. Absorption characteristics are a function of prime polygonreflector diameter and energy wavelength. Varying size of individualreflectors within a single array provides an absorption bandwidth thatis tunable by the designer. As evident from FIG. 16 , the combination ofprime polygon reflector sizes also assists in minimizing the amount offlat surfaces between adjacent prime polygon reflectors and thus reducesthe incidence of producing inverted waveform reflections, improving theeffectiveness of the prime polygon reflector array. In each of theseembodiments, the prime polygon reflectors are covered with an absorptivemedium as previous illustrated.

In some embodiments, a plurality of prime polygon reflector arrays arearranged at their end faces to form a larger surface areas as might beneeded for example in a concert hall or airport terminal to dampenambient noise. As illustrated in FIGS. 17-19 , two or more prime polygonreflector arrays 158 f (illustrated with absorptive media removed) arepositioned adjacent each other at their ends. The prime polygonreflector arrays 158 f may be fastened, glued, hung, or otherwise fixedto a structure using devices known in the art such as structuralanchors, screws or adhesives. In some embodiments, a plurality of panelframes 194 f may be positioned as illustrated in FIG. 19 . Here, panelframe 194 f comprises one or more end struts 196 f that are fastened toa structure such as a wall using frame fasteners 200 f which may be inthe form of screws as illustrated in FIG. 19 a . The end struts 196 fcomprise a base rib 204 f having fastener holes with a panel rib 206 fextending from the base rib. In some embodiments, an intermediate strut198 f is positioned between adjacent prime polygon reflector arrays 158f. End struts 196 f and intermediate strut 198 f are preferably arrangedand define a complementary panel cavity 212 f for seating a primepolygon reflector array 158 f therein. Panel retainers 202 f comprise afixation face 208 f and a rib channel 210 f. Rib channel 210 f isconfigured to engage panel rib 206 f to fixate a prime polygon reflectorarray in position while fixation face 208 f secures against front face166 f as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 . Panel anchorage, framing, andretention can take many forms depending on the application. As anexample, larger arrays might utilize standard structural shapes such asangle, T, and C channel section.

In yet another embodiment, a prime polygon reflector array 158 g isconfigured as a vertically polarized prime polygon absorption panel forabsorption of single wavelength radar. FIGS. 20 and 21 illustrate a sideand a perspective view of this type of panel based on a linear crosssectional geometry of the prime polygon reflector illustrated in FIG.9F. In this embodiment, disposed on a front side of prime polygonreflector array 158 g is a plurality of first reflective faces 108 g onfirst reflective walls 109 g, and a plurality of second reflective faces114 g on second reflective walls 115 g which extend from opposed sides(end faces 170 g) along axis Z. A radio frequency (RF)/radar absorptivemedia 133 g covers first reflective face 108 g and second reflectiveface 114 g as illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21 . Peaks of reflectivesurfaces are also covered with absorptive media to eliminate reflectionat these locations.

FIG. 21B is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly (TPPRA) 274 k. Like all prime polygon reflectors disclosedherein, these truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies utilize theprime polygon geometry described earlier in this document but they areabsent of absorptive media (although the absorptive media can beutilized as an option). Here the TPPRA is depicted with an optionalelectrical terminal 230 k that provides a point of electrical connectionwith the reflector assembly. This electrical connection (i.e., a screwthreaded into the TPPRA) can be utilized on the various reflectorassemblies disclosed herein that comprise a conductive material. In thisembodiment, the truncated prime polygon reflector assembly 274 k is apre-stamped panel of thin, reflective substrate although othermanufacturing techniques can be utilized such as hydroforming to garnerthe required geometry. Although not limited to these uses, it isoperable for installation between wall studs, floor joists, rafters ortruss members intended to fit standard commercial and residentialbuildings. Truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies of this type arepre-formed conductive panels that can be used to replace flat conductivepanels used in construction of traditional shield enclosures.

FIG. 21C is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassemblies 274 m like that seen in FIG. 21B but with an end mountingflange 232 m that extends along at least a portion of one or more endsof the absorption panel. The end mounting flange can include a mountinghole 234 m for receiving a fastener. The mounting flanges are orientatedto secure the absorption panel flat against an adjoining generally flatsurface and the TPPRA is operable for installation between wall studs,floor joists, rafters or truss members.

FIG. 21D is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly 274 n also with optional mounting flanges 232 n. In thisembodiment, the truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is pre-formedof a non-reflective substrate 236 n such as a polymer. At least aportion or entire assembly is then dipped, sprayed, foil faced or byother means provided in its entirety with a reflective surface coating238 n. Low-cost examples would include injection molded or formed foampanels dipped or sprayed with reflective paint or coating.

FIG. 21E is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly 274 o with an optional side mounting flange 233 o and againillustrated with a reflective surface covering 2380. These panels canalternatively be manufactured of reflective material such as a stampedsteel for example.

FIG. 21F is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly 274 p that includes a panel frame. It is depicted here with aportion of its reflector facing 240 p removed to illustrate reflectingfeatures inside the panel cavity 212 p which is defined by the panelframe 194 p. In preferred embodiments, the panel frame is constructed ofrigid materials adequate to support the reflector assembly locatedinside. The reflector facing 240 p can comprise a variety of materialswhich may be non-reflective and frequently cosmetic in nature such asdyed woven materials to assist integration into the environment it isplaced. In some instances, the chosen reflector facing will be weatherresistant such as needed for outdoor use. The TPPRA in FIG. 21F can bemounted to walls, floor, ceiling, roof or other structures utilizingfasteners, brackets, or other means described herein or known in theart. Truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies can be portable andfree standing with the assistance of support features such as depictedin FIG. 21G. The truncated prime polygon reflector assembly 274 qdepicted here is contained within an enclosure 194 q with optionalreflector facing removed to illustrate inside features. Truncated primepolygon reflector assemblies such as this, provide temporarypreventative protection against invasions such as for example, Bluetootheavesdropping during meetings or conferences. This, as well as otherprime polygon reflector assemblies disclosed herein, can include anelectrical terminal 230 q for coupling with an electrical extender 231q. The electrical extender can be for example, in the form of a standardelectric appliance cord and plug operable to couple with a groundconductor of a facility such as a hotel or restaurant conference room tofurther enhance wireless privacy during meetings or conferences. In somecases, the electrical extender can be used to drive a blocking waveformto the truncated prime polygon reflection assembly.

Truncated prime polygon reflector plates and/or truncated prime polygonreflector assemblies can be utilized in a pre-slotted enclosure or roomframing members such as wall studs, joists, or rafters. Doing so, theshielding effectiveness of an enclosure is passively increased withinthe rejection band of the resulting truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly. FIG. 21H depicts the framing of a wall comprising slottedstuds 246 r and a plurality of truncated prime polygon reflectorassemblies 274 r inserted into the prime polygon slots 248 r where theyare housed between the slotted studs. As illustrated here, the primepolygon slots 248 r which generally replicate the prime polygongeometry, do not extend entirely through the stud, however, in otherembodiments the slots can extend thru whereby the truncated primepolygon reflector assembly can abut each other and in some cases asingle truncated prime polygon reflector assembly is of a length longenough to pass through a plurality of slotted studs. In thisarrangement, the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure is passivelyincreased within the rejection band of the truncated prime polygonreflector assembly. This passive increase remains functionalindependently of any shield enclosure ground and is not visible to acasual observer.

FIG. 21I is an exploded perspective view of the wall depicted in FIG.21H. However, it also illustrates where additional alternative primepolygon slots 249 r can be cut into the slotted studs 246 r. A singleprime polygon slot 248 r accommodates a single layer of truncated primepolygon reflector assembly 274 r. However, a spaced second, third, andeven fourth alternative polygon slot 249 r (depicted here for locationpurposes only as dotted lines and does not represent prime polygongeometry) can be included on the slotted studs 246 r for housingadditional layers of truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies witheach tuned to shield against a specified wavelength. A single layerprime polygon reflector assembly is effective against a singledesignated band, a two-layer effective for dual band, and three or morelayers effective for broadband.

FIG. 21J is a perspective view of various sized reflector plates. Thereflector plates are sized according to the prime polygon geometry andarranged at the specified angles to each other. The reflector plates canbe utilized to construct a truncated prime polygon reflector assemblysimilar to 274 r. Illustrated for example is a first reflector plate 254s and a second reflector plate 256 s. As an alternative to stamping, thereflective elements (reflector plates) can alternatively be formed byorganized arrangement of reflector plates by their insertion intopre-slotted inserts between existing framing members.

FIG. 21K is a perspective view of a truncated prime polygon reflectorassembly group 215 t comprising a plurality of TPPRAs (first TPPRA panel280 t, second TPPRA panel 282 t, third TPPRA panel 284 t) havingdiffering rejection bands and are layered in a non-reflective perimeterframing 222 t and fit to the exterior of an existing shield enclosure(such as illustrated in FIG. 21M) to provide supplemental broadbandshielding that cannot be disabled by severing the enclosure ground.

FIG. 21L is depicts a truncated prime polygon reflector assembly 274 uas it might be installed between trusses 258 u in a roof.

FIG. 21M is a cutaway perspective view of a room in a building. For thesake of example, the room may include telephone switches, data servers,and other types of sensitive electronic equipment 276 v. In thisarrangement, the room is shielded by an existing waveform shieldenclosure 266 v (depicted as partially cut-away) in addition totruncated prime polygon reflector assemblies 274 v framed to theexterior of the existing waveform shield enclosure 266 v. The primepolygon absorption panels provide an extra layer of passive protectionto the buildings existing waveform shield enclosure. This arrangementincreases shielding effectiveness within the rejection band of thetruncated prime polygon reflector assembly panel.

FIG. 21N is a cutaway perspective view of a building housing sensitiveelectronic equipment 276 w wherein truncated prime polygon reflectorassemblies 274 w are positioned adjacent to interior surfaces of ashield enclosure 266 w. The truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies274 w are non-conductively anchored to or adjacent to interior surfacesof a shield enclosure or shielded room. Although optional, in someembodiments, the truncated prime polygon reflector assemblies 274 w areelectrically connected to a signal conductor 270 w of an electricalcircuit via an electrical extender 231 w to electrical terminal 230 w.Provided with an appropriate ground, the signal conductor may be usedfor interior enclosure spectral monitoring, or can be used to radiate ajamming signal, initiated manually or as an output from an alarm systemin response to the fault condition such as a detected loss of primaryenclosure ground or detection of an intruder.

FIG. 21P is a cutaway view of a building utilizing truncated primepolygon reflector assemblies 274 x passively installed against abuilding. In this embodiment, truncated prime polygon reflectorassemblies 274 x are installed as a passive means to reduceelectromagnetic radiation exposure to occupants of buildings such asparticipants 264 x meeting at a conference table 262 x where high powercellular phone or other data transmission equipment 272 x is sited onthe rooftop of office or apartment buildings.

FIG. 21Q is a top view of a room with portable prime polygon absorptionpanels arranged to at least partially shield participants 264 y meetingat a conference table 262 y. The portable absorption panels are of thevariety depicted previously as 274 q.

In yet another embodiment, a prime polygon reflector array 158 h isconfigured as a vertically polarized prime polygon absorption panel forabsorption of single wavelength radar. FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate a sideand a perspective view of this type of panel based on the linear crosssectional geometry of the prime polygon reflector illustrated in FIG. 10f . A RF/radar absorptive media covering the reflective surfaces hasbeen removed from the illustration. In this embodiment, disposed on afront side of prime polygon reflector array 158 h is a plurality offirst reflective faces 108 h on first reflective walls 109 h, and aplurality of second reflective faces 114 h on second reflective walls115 h which extend from opposed sides (end faces 170 h) along axis Z. Aradio frequency (RF)/radar absorptive media 133 h removed from theillustration covers first reflective face 108 h and second reflectiveface 114 h as illustrated previously in FIGS. 20 and 21 .

In yet another embodiment, a prime polygon reflector array 158 i isconfigured as a vertically polarized prime polygon absorption panel forabsorption of single wavelength radar. FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate a sideand a perspective view of this type of panel based on the linearcross-sectional geometry of the prime polygon reflector illustrated inFIG. 8 with the first exposure tab 130 c and second exposure tab 132 cbeing truncated. A RF/radar absorptive media covering the reflectivesurfaces has been removed from the illustration. In this embodiment,disposed on a front side of prime polygon reflector array 158 i is aplurality of first reflective faces 108 i on first reflective walls 109i, and a plurality of second reflective faces 114 i on second reflectivewalls 115 i which extend from opposed sides (end faces 170 i) along axisZ. A radio frequency (RF)/radar absorptive media 133 i removed from theillustration covers first reflective face 108 i and second reflectiveface 114 i as illustrated previously in FIGS. 20 and 21 .

Commercial examples of RF/radar absorptive media that may be usedinclude but are not limited to: MWT Materials® MF-500/501 Urethane, andMAST Technologies® Radar Absorbing material (RAM).

In yet another example, a vertically polarized prime polygon reflectorarray assembly 214 j (FIG. 29-30 ) is constructed for absorption ofpredetermined bandwidth radar. In this embodiment, a prime polygonreflector array assembly 214 j is made from a plurality of individualarray panels. As illustrated in FIG. 26-28 , a panel assembly havingdimension H can comprise a range of prime polygon reflector heightsbased on wavelength range (bandwidth) of a predetermined radar system.Formed in the front face 166 j of each array panel are verticalgeometric prime polygon reflector sections of the type illustrated inFIG. 9F, FIG. 10F, and/or truncated FIG. 8 of varying exposure facedimensions within a specified range. The finished array panel is thencoated or otherwise treated with RF/radar absorbing media which is shownas removed in some views.

In this embodiment (FIG. 29-30 ), a three panel variation of a primepolygon reflector array assembly 214 j is illustrated. Represented inFIGS. 26-28 are front views of a first array panel 216 j, a second arraypanel 218 j, and a third array panel 220 j. Regions within the frontface are labeled with Figure number 8, 9F, or 10F to reference theprofile of the corresponding prime polygon reflector type used in thatregion. The prime polygon reflector array assembly 214 j comprises afirst array panel 216 j, a second array panel 218 j, and a third arraypanel 220 j which are sandwiched and held in an assembly by fasteners orby use of a non-reflective perimeter framing 222 j. More or less arraypanels may be used in a prime polygon reflector array assembly (i.e.fourth array panel, fifth array panel and so on). In some embodiments,the array panels are identical but rotated when stacked against eachother to provide variation. In other embodiments, the array panels arenon-identical.

A custom absorption spectra is produced by varying the exposure faceheight H and layering a combination of array panels. In someembodiments, prime polygon reflectors are scribed in a front face 166 jof an array panel by techniques such as machining, molding, stamping, ordie-forming into a thin reflective substrate. The illustrated panels inFIGS. 29-30 are shown with a smooth face after application of absorptivemedia. Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 31 , a custom non-polarizedprime polygon array assembly 214 f can be produced by layeringvariations of non-polarized panels (i.e. FIG. 16 ). Here non-polarizedprime polygon reflector arrays such as 158 f are layered. An exposedreflector populated surface 226 f (illustrated here as smooth afterapplication of absorptive media) absorbs incoming waveform energy.Again, in some embodiments, the array panels are identical but rotatedwhen stacked against each other to provide variation. In otherembodiments, the array panels are non-identical.

In some applications, one or more reflective faces may be truncated dueto space limitations or other reasons. For example, an exposure face maybe truncated for the collection of solar energy. As illustrated in FIGS.32-34 , walls and faces of a prime polygon reflector 101 e are truncated(signified by *) in a manner suitable for use in the collection of solarenergy (i.e. dotted lines represent truncated portions of a primepolygon reflector and underlying third reflective reference 178 e andunderlying exposure reference 175 e). In this embodiment, a firstabsorptive media 134 e and second absorptive media 136 e is in the formof solar collectors disposed adjacent the corresponding first and secondreflective faces 108 e, 114 e. Properties of prime polygon reflector 101e cause incident ray energy to strike the absorptive media multipletimes before exiting the prime polygon reflector back to theenvironment. Absorptive material in the revolved prime polygonreflectors illustrated in FIGS. 9 g and 10 g may alternatively be in theform of one or more of a: solar collector, solar cell, solar film, andsolar coating.

FIG. 35 depicts an enlarged detail view of a portion of a dual polarizedprime polygon reflector array 286 ff. In this illustration, reflectivefaces of a vertically polarized truncated prime polygon reflector arrayand reflective faces of a horizontally polarized truncated prime polygonreflector array are formed into a common material. In this illustrationunderlying exposure references 175 ff are uniform and of the same plane.In this embodiment, first reflective faces 108 ff are angled fromexposure references 175 ff by (90−α) degrees, and second reflectivefaces 114 ff are angled from first reflective faces 108 ff by (90−β)degrees. In this embodiment, passage of incident electromagnetic energyis diminished for energy of horizontal and vertical polarization.

FIG. 36 depicts a detail view of a preferred embodiment of a dualpolarized prime polygon reflector 288 gg at the top. In this depictionfirst reflective faces 108 gg and second reflective faces 114 gg arecovered with RF/radar absorptive media 133 gg. The bottom of FIG. 36illustrates a plurality of dual polarized prime polygon reflectorsformed or inserted into a material to form a dual polarized primepolygon reflector stealth array 290 gg. Further in this illustrationdual polarized prime polygon reflector stealth array 290 gg can includean optional electrical terminal 230 gg for connection to an electricalground.

FIG. 37 a illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 hhabsent absorptive media. In this embodiment the truncated prime polygonreflector array 292 hh is operable to reduce passage of electromagneticenergy. Further in this embodiment optional electrical terminal 230 hhcan be used to connect truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 hh toan electrical circuit signal or an electrical ground.

FIG. 37 b illustrates a preferred embodiment of a truncated primepolygon reflector stealth array 294 hh with RF/radar absorptive media133 hh covering reflective faces of the array. In this embodiment thetruncated prime polygon reflector stealth array 294 hh is operable toreduce reflection of incident radar energy. Further in this embodimentoptional electrical terminal 230 hh can be used to connect truncatedprime polygon reflector stealth array 294 hh to an electrical ground.

FIG. 37 c illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector solar array296 hh with solar absorptive media 135 hh covering reflective faces ofthe array. In this embodiment the truncated prime polygon reflectorsolar array 296 hh is operable as a solar panel. Further in thisembodiment, optional electrical terminal 230 hh can be used to connecttruncated prime polygon reflector solar array 296 hh to an electricalcircuit.

FIG. 38 depicts a detail view of two non-polarized prime polygonreflectors 101 jj at the top. Reflectors 101 jj are illustrated in apreferred embodiment with reflective faces covered by RF/radarabsorptive media 133 jj. Further in this illustration individualreflectors are depicted facing opposite directions as individual primepolygon reflectors within an array can be positioned with reflectivefaces in different directions. The bottom of FIG. 38 illustrates aplurality of non-polarized prime polygon reflectors 101 jj formed orinserted into a material to form a non-polarized prime polygon reflectorstealth array 298 jj. In this embodiment, optional electrical terminal230 jj can be used to connect non-polarized prime polygon reflectorstealth array 298 jj to an electrical ground.

FIG. 39 illustrates a preferred embodiment comprising dual polarized,truncated, and non-polarized prime polygon reflector stealth arrays (290kk, 294 kk, 298 kk) layered in single or varying orientation, andcomprising reflectors of at least one value of exposure reference H toform a multi-layer prime polygon reflector stealth array 300 kk. Furtherin the illustration the multi-layer prime polygon reflector stealtharray 300 kk can contain an optional electrical terminal 230 kk forconnection to an electrical ground.

FIG. 40 illustrates a multi-layer prime polygon reflector stealth array300 mm applied to surfaces 301 mm of a vehicle 302 mm to reducereflection of radar energy incident on vehicle 302 mm. Multi-layer primepolygon reflector stealth arrays can be retained on surfaces by avariety of methods, including use of adhesive, fasteners, or otherbonding agents. Incident radar energy passing through multi-layer primepolygon reflector stealth array 300 mm can pass through, be absorbed by,or be reflected by vehicle 302 mm. In some embodiments, energy reflectedby vehicle 302 mm becomes energy incident on the rear face ofmulti-layer prime polygon reflector stealth array 300 mm. Considerationof rejection characteristics of multi-layer prime polygon reflectorstealth arrays in rear exposure can be a significant factor in selectingor optimizing type, size, and orientation of individual layers. In otherembodiments, multi-layer prime polygon reflector stealth arrays 300 mmcan be applied to shipping containers or modular buildings to provideportable storage or working environments with reduced reflection energywhen exposed to incident radar.

FIG. 41 illustrates a multi-layer prime polygon reflector stealth array300 nn encased in a protective sheathing 304 nn to form an encased primepolygon reflector stealth array 306 nn. In the illustration at the topprotective sheathing 304 nn is partially opened to reveal multi-layerprime polygon reflector stealth array 300 nn. In some embodiments,protective sheathing 304 nn comprises non-reflective grommets 305 nn andan optional electrical terminal 230 nn for connection to an electricalground or earth. In some embodiments, encased prime polygon reflectorstealth arrays 306 nn provide portable or temporary coverings capable ofreducing reflected energy from incident radar. The bottom of FIG. 41illustrates one embodiment of an encased prime polygon reflector stealtharray 306 nn used to cover a support structure 308 nn to conceal autility vehicle 310 nn. Similar embodiments can be used to concealtools, building materials, loose cargo, or miscellany placed within asupport structure. In other embodiments, encased prime polygon reflectorstealth arrays 306 nn can provide benefit when placed directly onobjects lacking a separate support structure.

FIG. 42 illustrates various forms of prime polygon reflectors used incombination to reduce the radar reflection of an oceangoing vessel 312oo depicted as a modern type of military vessel. In one embodimentmulti-layer prime polygon reflector stealth arrays 300 oo are applieddirectly to surfaces 301 oo of oceangoing vessel 312 oo for long termuse in reduction of reflected radar energy. In another embodimentencased prime polygon reflector stealth arrays 306 oo can be stored andaffixed to surfaces 301 oo of oceangoing vessel 312 oo when needed as anaid in temporary concealment of oceangoing vessel 312 oo. For surfacesthat endure movement of vehicles or equipment, or surfaces exposed towave action, a rugged embodiment of the invention is to machine orotherwise form reflective faces of prime polygon reflectors directlyinto the exterior surface 301 oo of oceangoing vessel 312 oo. The lowerleft of FIG. 42 illustrates an array of various size prime polygonreflectors 101 oo formed into the surface 301 oo of oceangoing vessel312 oo. The lower center of FIG. 42 simulates truncated prime polygonreflectors with first reflective faces 10800 and second reflective faces11400 formed directly into the surface 301 oo of oceangoing vessel 312 o0. The illustration depicts reflective faces in vertically polarizedform, but can be rotated to any angle at the time of installation.

FIG. 43 illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 ppapplied to the display of a smart phone 314 pp, computer monitor 316 pp,or laptop computer 318 pp. In some embodiments, reflective faces oftruncated prime polygon reflector array 292 pp are formed into thesurface of a film, laminate, or other coating for application to thesurface of the display and can provide benefit in either exposure. Inalternate embodiments, reflective faces of truncated prime polygonreflector array 292 pp can be formed directly into the material of thedisplay surface.

FIG. 44 a is a side view simulating a person wearing sunglasses with anenlarged cross-sectional depiction of a truncated prime polygonreflector array 292 qq applied to the lens 320 qq. In this illustrationtruncated prime polygon reflector array 292 qq is positioned withindividual prime polygon reflectors arrayed vertically. In otherembodiments, truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 qq can berotated. In some embodiments, truncated prime polygon reflector array292 qq can be used to reduce electromagnetic energy exposure to the eye.

FIG. 44 b depicts a side view of truncated prime polygon reflector array292 qq and an enlarged detail view of a portion of the arrayillustrating a form of truncated prime polygon reflector with firstreflective faces 108 qq and second reflective faces 114 qq ofapproximately equal depth, which occurs when angle α approaches 18.71degrees. At this value of angle α, individual prime polygon reflectorsin the array can cause other than four internal reflections.

FIG. 44 c illustrates a pair of sunglasses 322 qq depicted withexaggerated texturing on the lenses to highlight the presence oftruncated prime polygon reflector array 292 qq applied to the lenses.

FIG. 45 illustrates a truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 rrapplied to surfaces of a window pane 324 rr used in a commercialbuilding 326 rr or a residence 328 rr. In some embodiments, truncatedprime polygon reflector arrays 292 rr can be used to reduce passage ofelectromagnetic energy through window pane 324 rr. In some embodiments,truncated prime polygon reflector array 292 rr can be applied to eitherside of window pane 324 rr and can provide benefit in either exposure.

FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of truncated prime polygon reflectorsolar array 296 ss applied to the surface of a metal roofing product 330ss. In some embodiments, truncated prime polygon reflector solar array296 ss is operable as a solar panel. Optional electrical terminal 230 sscan be used to connect truncated prime polygon reflector solar array 296ss to an electrical power circuit.

The foregoing invention has been described in accordance with therelevant legal standards, thus the description is exemplary rather thanlimiting in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosedembodiment may become apparent to those skilled in the art and fallwithin the scope of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A prime polygon reflector comprising; anexposure reference, a first reflective face, a second reflective face;said exposure reference of predetermined length H between a first endand a second end; a generally linear first reflective face; said firstreflective face of nominal length √3H and bounded by a third end and afourth end; said third end of said first reflective face intersectingsaid second end of said exposure reference; an angle α of nominal value18.71 degrees and a maximum value of 20.5 degrees and a minimum value of13 degrees; said first reflective face angled 90 minus a (90−α) degreesfrom said exposure reference; a generally linear second reflective facebounded by a fifth end and a sixth end; said fifth end of said secondreflective face intersecting said fourth end of said first reflectiveface; said second reflective face angled (90−3α) degrees from said firstreflective face; said sixth end of said second reflective faceterminating at the point of intersection with a line intersecting saidfirst end of said exposure reference and extending orthogonally fromsaid exposure reference toward said second reflective face.
 2. The primepolygon reflector of claim 1 wherein said first reflective face and saidsecond reflective face are generally planar in an elongatedconfiguration and positioned generally perpendicular to a common plane.3. A plurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 2 comprising primepolygon reflectors of at least one value of exposure reference H.
 4. Theplurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 3 wherein said firstreflective face and said second reflective face of at least one primepolygon reflector are formed into a material.
 5. The plurality of primepolygon reflectors of claim 4 wherein said material is on the display ofone or more of: a smart phone and a computer monitor and a laptopcomputer.
 6. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 4wherein said material is on the lens of one or more of: sunglasses andeyeglasses.
 7. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 4wherein said material is on a window pane.
 8. The plurality of primepolygon reflectors of claim 4 comprising material with one of: areflective surface and a reflective coating.
 9. The plurality of primepolygon reflectors of claim 8 positioned to reduce passage ofelectromagnetic energy.
 10. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors ofclaim 8 comprising an electrical terminal.
 11. The plurality of primepolygon reflectors of claim 8 comprising solar absorptive media on atleast a portion of at least one reflective face.
 12. The plurality ofprime polygon reflectors of claim 8 comprising radar absorptive media onat least a portion of at least one reflective face.
 13. The plurality ofprime polygon reflectors of claim 8 wherein said material is on one ormore of: a vehicle and a container and a building and a vessel.
 14. Twoprime polygon reflectors of claim 2 with exposure references of a commonplane positioned with said sixth ends of said second reflective facescommon along their length.
 15. A plurality of prime polygon reflectorsof claim 14 with exposure references of a common plane wherein saidfirst reflective faces and said second reflective faces are formed intoa common material.
 16. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors ofclaim 15 comprising radar absorptive media on at least a portion of atleast one reflective face.
 17. The plurality of prime polygon reflectorsof claim 15 wherein said material is on one or more of: a vehicle and acontainer and a building and a vessel.
 18. The prime polygon reflectorof claim 1 comprising generally conical reflective faces characterizedby rotation of said first reflective face and said second reflectiveface about one of: Rotational Axis 1 and Rotational Axis
 2. 19. Aplurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 18 wherein said firstreflective face and said second reflective face of at least one primepolygon reflector are formed into a material.
 20. The plurality of primepolygon reflectors of claim 19 wherein said material is a surface of avessel.
 21. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim 19comprising radar absorptive media on at least a portion of at least onereflective face.
 22. The plurality of prime polygon reflectors of claim4 wherein said material is a surface of a vessel.
 23. The plurality ofprime polygon reflectors of claim 19 wherein said material is on one ormore of: a vehicle and a container and a building and a vessel.
 24. Theprime polygon reflector of claim 1 wherein said first reflective facelength comprises a variance range between +0.15√3H and −0.15√3H.
 25. Theprime polygon reflector of claim 1 wherein said second reflective facelength comprises a variance range of plus or minus 15%.